Table of Contents

Contents
1　Physics of ni-Nitnde Light-Emitting Diodes　1
1.1　History of III-Nitride LEDs　1
1.2　Mechanisms of Di-Nitride LEDs　2
1.3　Radiative Recombination and Non-radiative Recombination　4
1.4　Internal Quantum Efficiency　5
1.5　Light Extraction Efficiency and External Quantum Efficiency　9
References　10
2　Epitaxial Growth of III-Nitride LEDs　13
2.1　III-Nitride Blue LEDs　13
2.2　III-Nitride Green LEDs　19
2.2.1　InGaN/GaN Superlattice 19
2.2.2　Stacked GaN/AIN Last Quantum Barrier　36
2.3　III-Nitride Ultraviolet LEDs　41
2.3.1　Sputtered AIN Nucleation Layer　41
2.3.2　Effect of PSS onUYLED　57
2.3.3　Patterned Sapphire with Silica Array　61
2.3.4　Isoelectronic Doping　67
2.3.5　InAIGaN/AIGaN Electron Blocking Layer　74
2.3.6　Graded Al-Content AlGaN Insertion Layer　78
Referencces　82
3　High-Efficiency Top-Emitting III-Nitride LEDs　91
3.1　Light Extraction Microstructure　91
3.1.1　PSS and Patterned ITO　91
3.1.2　Double Layer ITO　96
3.1.3　3D Patterned ITO and Wavy Sidewalls　99
3.1.4　Roughened Sidewalls　102
3.1.5　Air Voids Structure　107
3.2　Current Blocking Layer　112
3.2.1　SiO2 Current Blocking Layer　112
3.2.2　Patterned Current Blocking Layer　117
3.2.3　Reflective Current Blocking Layer　122
3.3　Back Reflector　125
3.4　Low Optical Loss Electrode Structure　135
3.5　Ni/Au Wire Grid Transparent Conductive Electrodes　142
Referencces　147
4.1　Via-Hole-Based Two-Level Metallization Electrodes　151
4.2　Dielectric DBR　158
4.3　Comparison of Flip-Chip LEDs and Top-Emitting LEDs　161
4.4　Ag/TiW， Ni/Ag and ITO/DBR Ohmic Contacts　164
4.5　High-Power Flip-Chip LEDs　175
4.6　Double-Layer Electrode and Hybrid Reflector　180
4.7　Mini/Micro-LED　184
4.7.1　Prism-Structured Sidewall of Mini-LED　184
4.7.2　Light Extraction Analysis of Micro-LED　186
Referencces　190
5　High Voltage and Vertical LEDs　193
5.1　Direct Current High Voltage LED　193
5.2　Alternating Current High Voltage LED　199
5.3　Comparison of DC-HV LED and AC-HV LED　201
5.4　Vertical LEDs　203
References　215
6　Device Reliability and Measurement　217
6.1　Influence of Dislocation Density on Device Reliability　217
6.2　Forward Leakage Current　219
6.3　Reverse Leakage Current　222
6.4　Pad Luster Consistency　225
6.5　Transient Measurement of LED Characteristic Parameters References　230