Contents
序 i
前言 iii
List of abbreviations v
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 What is evidentiality？ 1
1.2 Approaches to evidentiality 7
1.2.1 The typological and cross—linguistic approach 7
1.2.2 The cognitive approach 13
1.2.3 The pragmatic approach 14
1.2.4 Systemic functional linguistics approach 16
1.2.5 Other approaches to evidentiality 17
1.3 Methodology and data collection 21
1.4 Organization of the book 23
Chapter 2 Toward a three—element model of interpersonal functions ofevidentiality in RAs 26
2.1 SFL 26
2.1.1 Language as social—semiotic and meaning potential 27
2.1.2 Three metafunctions 27
2.1.3 Strata and realization 28
2.1.4 Evidentiality in transitivity system 30
2.1.5 Evidentiality and modality system in SFL 31
2.1.6 Evidentiality and grammatical metaphor 34
2.1.7 The appraisal theory 37
2.1.8 The cognitive approach to language in SFL 39
2.2 Genre 40
2.2.1 Genre in SFL 40
2.2.2 Swale’s and Bhatia’s notions of genre 41
2.3 Epistemological stance 43
2.4 Metadiscourse 45
2.5 A three—element model of interpersonal functions of evidentiality in RAs 48
2.5.1 RAs as a persuasive and interactive genre 49
2.5.2 Defining the three—element model 50
2.6 Analytical framework in the current research 55
2.7 Summary 57
Chapter 3 Classification and distributions of evidentiality in RAs 58
3.1 Classifications of evidentiality 58
3.1.1 Previous classifications of evidentiality 59
3.1.2 Classification of evidentiality in the current study 62
3.2 Lexicogrammatical realizations of evidentiality in RAs 67
3.2.1 Identification of evidentials in the data 67
3.2.2 Lexicogrammatical realizations of evidential types 69
3.3 Distribution patterns of evidential types in RAs 78
3.3.1 The frequencies of evidential types 78
3.3.2 Distribution of evidentials in different evidential types 80
3.4 Evidentiality and generic structure of RAs 82
3.4.1 The generic structure of RAs 82
3.4.2 Relationship between evidential types and generic structure of RAs 83
3.5 Summary 88
Chapter 4 Evidential choice and interpersonal functions of evidentiality in RAs 89
4.1 Evidentiality as evaluation 89
4.1.1 Evaluative functions of reporting evidentials 90
4.1.2 Evidentiality and modal responsibility in RAs 103
4.1.3 Evidentiality and dialogism 110
4.2 Evidentiality as metadiscourse 123
4.2.1 The interpersonal nature of metadiscourse 124
4.2.2 Evidentiality as textual metadiscourse 125
4.2.3 Evidentiality as interpersonal metadiscourse 127
4.2.4 Summary of evidentiality as metadiscourse 136
4.3 Evidentiality as writer identity indexing 137
4.3.1 Evidentiality and the writer’s credibility 138
4.3.2 Evidentiality and the balance between writer’s authority and solidarity 143
4.3.3 Evidentiality and writer’s respect and responsibility 146
Chapter 5 A comparative study of evidentiality in RA s of NS and Chinese writers 149
5.1 The necessity of a comparative study 149
5.2 Findings of the comparative study 150
5.2.1 Similarities found in the comparative study 151
5.2.2 Differences found in the comparative study 154
5.3 Pedagogical implications 157
5.4 Summary 158
Chapter 6 Conclusion 160
6.1 A Summay of the findings in this book 160
6.2 Significance of the current study 163
6.3 Limitations and suggestions for future research 164
Appendixes 167
Appendix 1 Data sources 167
Appendix 2 Evidentials investigated in the current research 171
Appendix 3 Sample of concordance of reporting evidential show 172
Bibliography 173
后记 183
