Series Preface Ⅰ Series Preface Ⅱ Series Preface Ⅲ Foreword 1 Ecological and Geographical Characteristics of Central Asia 1.1 The Location of Central Asia 1.2 Characteristics of the Arid Zone Ecosystem 1.2.1 Topography of the mountain basins 1.2.2 Typical interior semi—arid climates 1.2.3 Basins of internal drainage 1.2.4 Biodiversity in the study area 1.2.5 Typical desert soils 1.3 Social Economy 1.4 Summary 2 Remote Sensing of Arid Zone Vegetation： Problems and Solutions 2.1 Spectral Features of Arid Zone Vegetation 2.2 Key Issues in the Remote Sensing of Arid Zone Vegetation 2.2.1 Data sources， spatial and spectral resolutions 2.2.2 Optimized data selection 2.2.3 Mixed pixels 2.2.4 Image processing techniques 2.2.5 Ground surveys 2.3 Theoretical Methodology of Remote Sensing Image Processing in Arid Lands 2.3.1 Image pre—processing techniques 2.3.2 Image classification and accuracy assessment 2.3.3 Vegetation index 2.3.4 Mixed pixel decomposition 2.4 Quantitative Remote Sensing Ecological Indices of Arid Zone Vegetation 2.5 Summary 3 Ecological and Environmental Remote Sensing Change Detection in the Arid Zone of Central Asia 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Driving Force Analysis of Environmental Change in Central Asia 3.2.1 Three types of detectable environmental changes and their driving forces 3.2.2 Representative environmental indices 3.3 Classification of Change Detection Methods 3.3.1 Overview of change detection methods 3.3.2 A proposed classification system 3.4 Change Detection Process and Major Considerations 3.4.1 Data selection 3.4.2 Data preprocessing 3.4，3 Commonly used change detection algorithms 3.4.4 Accuracy assessment 3.4.5 Additional considerations in change detection 3.5 Change Detection of Land Cover in Central Asia： A Case Study 3.5.1 Data and method 3.5.2 Results and analysis 3.6 Summary 4 Environmental Indicators and Field Sampling in Central Asia 4.1 Introduction 4.1.1 Environmental monitoring indicators 4.1.2 Field sampling 4.2 Remote Sensing Inversion of Monitoring Index 4.2.1 Surface albedo 4.2.2 Land surface temperature 4.2.3 Temperature vegetation dryness index 4.2.4 Modified soil—adjusted vegetation index 4.3 Remote Sensing Verification and Field Surveys 4.3.1 Scope 4.3.2 Sampling and feedback 4.3.3 Field survey and procedures 4.3.4 Accuracy assessment for image classification 4.4 Summary 5 The Effect of Land Reclamation on the Regional Carbon Balance in Central Asia 5.1 Introduction 5.2 The Effect of Land Reclamation and Farmland Transfer on the Carbon Balance 5.2.1 The bookkeeping model 5.2.2 Model expression 5.2.3 Parameters in the bookkeeping model for Central Asia 5.2.4 The impact ofland reclamation and farmland change on carbon balance in Central Asia 5.3 The Effect of Forest Product Harvesting and Afforestation on the Carbon Balance 5.3.1 Measurement method for carbon source／sink by forestry practice 5.3.2 The effect of forest product harvest and afforestation on carbon balance 5.4 Summary 6 Change Detection of Urban area by Remote Sensing in Arid Zone 6.1 Methodology of Analyzing Urban Changes 6.1.1 The definition ofurban areas 6.1.2 Detection ofurban land expansion and change 6.1.3 Methods of analyzing urban expansion 6.1.4 Driving factor analysis of urban land use 6.1.5 Validation methods for the model 6.2 The Changes of Urban Area in Central Asia 6.2.1 Study area 6.2.2 Remote sensing images 6.3 Spatio—temporal Structure and Pattern of Urban Expansion 6.3.1 Landscape analysis ofurban expansion patterns 6.3.2 Area and percentage of landscape （class level） 6.3.3 Results and conclusions 6.3.4 Urban land use and land cover transfer matrix analysis 6.3.5 Urban expansion index analysis 6.4 Summary 7 Mining Remotely Sensed Eco—geography Data 7.1 Classification 7.1.1 kNN： k—Nearest Neighbour classification 7.1.2 Back propagation classifier 7.1.3 Literature classifying remotely sensed eco—geography data 7.1.4 Summary of this section 7.2 Cluster 7.2.1 Introduction 7.2.2 Partitioning method： K—means 7.2.3 Density—based method： DBSCAN 7.2.4 Grid—based methods： STING 7.3 Association Rules Mining 7.3.1 Apriori 7.3.2 FP—Tree 7.3.3 PrefixSpan 7.3.4 Literature review 7.3.5 Summary of this section 7.4 Applications 7.5 Summary 8 Conclusions 8.1 Summary of Major Results 8.1.1 Remote sensing for arid zone and spectral analysis 8.1.2 Change detection 8.1.3 Accuracy assessment 8.1.4 Regional carbon balance 8.1.5 Urban land use change detection 8.1.6 Data mining 8.2 Further Work References Appendix Field Survey Form
Ecological and Environment Remote Sensing in Arid Zone - A Case Study of Central Asia
